Lecture given by
Adriana Koulias
Anthroposophical Society
Sydney 5th March 2004
SRC: https://www.scribd.com/document/87089338/The-Seven-Cultural-Epochs-and-Humanity
Cultures are born, become middle-aged grow old and die, only to be reborn again on a higher level. Will understanding our past help us to make sense of the present and show us a view to the future?
Tonight I will be drawing on the work of the great philosopher and Spiritual Scientist Rudolf Steiner in my exploration of the subject of the seven cultural epochs and their relationship to humanity’s spiritual growth in the past, present and future. At the end I will suggest books for further study.
What are the Seven Cultural Epochs?
To answer this question in Anthroposophical terms it is necessary to gain an understanding of world evolution as taught by Rudolf Steiner. Goethe in his theory of metamorphoses proposed that a seed evolves into a stem, a stem into a leaf, a leaf into a flower and a flower into fruit and finally the fruit drops a seed that begins the whole cycle once again. Rudolf Steiner as a spiritual pupil of Goethe applied this principle to his study of the development of our cosmos, higher beings, the planets, our earth, what lies behind the world beyond sensory existence and individual human beings, animals, plants and minerals. The bulk of this study can be found in Rudolf Steiner’s book Occult Science. In this book, he recounts stages where transmutations have occurred in the evolution of our cosmos. This differs from the plant only in that at each stage of metamorphosis or transmutation there is a further step in development (an evolution – a stage of achieved perfection) so that when there is a repetition of all that has been it occurs at a higher level.
Macrocosm: The Big Picture.
In Occult Science the world will altogether undergo seven planetary stages. We are presently at the fourth stage and still have three to go. I will briefly describe these for the sake of clarity.[1]
The names below are not intended to point to present planets. They are only indications for the sake of the building up of mental pictures. What we see in the sky today are only memories, remnants of the past physical conditions of the earth.
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The First stage was called Old Saturn. Here we are told that human beings first acquired a rudimentary form of the physical body – human beings have this physical body in common with the minerals of the earth and this is what constitutes the bony system. We all know how in our bones we are mineralised.
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The Second stage is called Old Sun where human beings are said to have first acquired an Etheric body or Life body, human beings have this in common with the plant kingdom of the earth and it is this Etheric force that has been integral in the building up of the seven main organs of the body and the blood.
- The Third stage is the called Old Moon where human beings acquired the Astral body or body of feelings and sensations – human beings have this in common with the animal kingdom of the earth. The relevant organs here have to do with the nervous system and the brain.
- The Fourth stage is our present Earth stage where human beings first acquired an Ego, that is, self-awareness or self-consciousness, the ability to realise separateness from the world. This is what Rudolf Steiner calls man's first spiritual member.
- The Fifth stage will occur in what Rudolf Steiner Characterises as Jupiter. This phase of earthly evolution will enable human beings to acquire another spiritual member Manas or Spirit Self. For this to occur there must be a spiritualisation of the Astral body through the workings of the Ego consciousness. This will mean that the ego conscious will work on the purification of thoughts, feelings, desires and passions. This perfected Astral body will lead to a perception of the Astral world in the same way that the Astral or sentient body led to a perception of the physical world. It will be an addition to the perception of the physical world - the consciousness of Angels.
- The Sixth stage will be the Venus stage of world evolution. Here humanity will have perfected the Etheric body through the workings of the Ego and transformed it into a vehicle for another spiritual member, Buddhi or Life Spirit. The habits and moral life will become transformed into all that is good, true and the beautiful and man's perception will extend into the lower regions of Devachan - the Consciousness of Archangels.
- The Seventh stage will be the Vulcan stage where the physical body of human beings will become purified and resound with Light Life and Word. Humanity will be able to attain another spiritual member Spirit Man or Atma. With this new spiritual member humanity will reach with its consciousness all the way to the higher reaches of Devachan - the consciousness of the Archai (the source, origin or root of things that exist).
This is just a quick overview, since each stage also means a spiritualisation for the all the kingdoms of nature, as well as higher beings - they too will change and become further advanced. What was will die away and be reborn again after a period of Pralaya or 'rest' at every stage. This is an oversimplification but to go too deeply into this would be to diverge too far from our topic today.
In the diagram below we can see that Jupiter is a higher repetition of the Moon condition, that Venus is a higher repetition of the Sun condition and that the Vulcan condition will be a higher repetition of the Saturn one. The fourth condition is always the one that can stand by itself without needing a repetition.
The Earth.
At present humanity is passing through its fourth planetary condition Earth where as we have seen above man is undergoing the development of the Ego. The earthly condition is divided into seven divisions:
- Polarian
- Hyperborean
- Lemurian
- Atlantean
- 5th Post Atlantean Epoch
- 6th Post Atlantean Epoch
- 7th Post Atlantean Epoch
At present we exist in the 5th Post Atlantean Epoch and this epoch is further divided into seven cultural epochs. The cultural epochs are as follows.
- Indian 7227 BC – 5067 BC – Age of Cancer
- Persian 5067 BC – 2970 BC – Age of Gemini
- Egypto Chaldean 2,907 BC – 747 BC – Age of Taurus
- Greco Roman 747 BC – 1413 AD – Age of Aries
- Anglo German 1413 AD – 3573 AD – Age of Pisces
- Russian 3573 AD – 5733 AD – Age of Aquarius
- American 5733 AD – 7893 AD (end of 5th post Atlantean Epoch) – Age of Capricorn
Each epoch lasts for 2160 years and according to Rudolf Steiner has a definite evolutionary task. Each epoch in itself is a form of repetition at a higher stage of the previous earthly ages. The Indian is a repetition of the Polarian which is a repetition of the planetary condition of old Saturn, the Persian the Hyperborean which is a repetition of old Sun, the Egypto Chaldean repeats the Lemurian which is a repetition of old Moon, the Greco Roman the Atlantean a repetition of Earth, the Anglo German repeats once again the Lemurian, the Russian the Hyperborean and the American the Polarian once again repetitions of moon Sun and Saturn respectively.
Microcosm: The Human Being.
The human being according to Rudolf Steiner is made up of a triune of members. There are three physical bodies: Physical Etheric Astral. Three soul bodies: Sentient Soul, Intellectual Soul, Consciousness Soul. And three spiritual bodies: Spirit Self, Life Spirit, Spirit Man. We have an Ego or that which gives us individual being or a sense that we are separate from the environment around us and which has worked and continues to work on all our members to perfect them.
Our Ego in so far as it works within our Astral body or our 'nervous system' brings about the development of the Sentient Soul, through which man 'feels and senses' the physical world a...